Remove the stems and seeds from the dried chili peppers.
Place the chili peppers in a bowl and cover them with hot water. Let them soak for about 30 minutes, or until they are soft.
Drain the chili peppers and pat them dry with paper towels.
In a food processor or blender, combine the soaked chili peppers, minced garlic, ground cumin, ground coriander, ground caraway seeds, and salt.
Blend the mixture until it forms a smooth paste. You may need to add a little water to help with blending.
With the food processor running, slowly drizzle in the olive oil until the harissa is smooth and well combined.
If desired, add the lemon juice and blend again.
Taste the harissa and adjust the seasoning with additional salt or lemon juice if needed.
Transfer the harissa to a clean jar or airtight container.
Pour a thin layer of olive oil on top to help preserve it.
Store the harissa in the refrigerator. It can be kept for up to a month, with more olive oil added on top as needed to keep it covered.
Use harissa as a condiment for grilled meats, vegetables, sandwiches, or as a flavoring in stews and soups.
Enjoy your meal!