Gazpacho is essentially summer in a glass: ripe tomatoes at their peak of flavor, green pepper, cucumber, garlic, sherry vinegar, and good olive oil blended until completely smooth, then strained and chilled for hours until the temperature drops and the flavor intensifies. The dish comes from Andalusia, where agricultural laborers — gañanes — ate a version made from stale bread, water, garlic, olive oil, and vinegar long before tomatoes arrived from the Americas in the 16th century; tomato transformed it from a worker's bread soup into the cold red liquid recognized globally. The quality depends entirely on the tomatoes: out-of-season, pale tomatoes produce a thin, acidic liquid that no amount of seasoning fixes. The correct texture is pourable but slightly thick, not a juice.
In a blender or food processor, combine the chopped tomatoes, cucumber, green bell pepper, red onion, and minced garlic.
Blend until smooth. If you prefer a chunkier texture, blend less.
Transfer the blended vegetables to a large bowl.
Stir in the tomato juice, olive oil, and red wine vinegar.
Season with salt and pepper to taste.
Cover the bowl with plastic wrap and refrigerate for at least 2 hours, or until well chilled. This allows the flavors to meld together.
Cold Andalusian tomato soup; raw vegetables blended with olive oil, vinegar, and garlic; served chilled.
Andalusia, southern Spain; pre-Columbian version used bread and water; tomato added after the 16th century.
Very ripe tomatoes, green pepper, cucumber, garlic, sherry vinegar, extra-virgin olive oil, and stale bread as an optional thickener.
Use the ripest, most flavorful tomatoes available; blend thoroughly and strain for smooth texture; chill at least 2 hours before serving.
Served cold as a first course; garnished with diced cucumber and croutons; dry Manzanilla sherry alongside.