If using fresh cassava leaves, rinse them thoroughly and remove any tough stems. Blanch the leaves in boiling water for about 5 minutes, then drain and chop. If using frozen cassava leaves, thaw them and chop as needed.
Heat the vegetable oil in a large pot over medium heat. Add the chopped onion and cook until translucent, about 3-4 minutes. Add the minced garlic and chopped bell pepper, and cook for another 2 minutes.
Stir in the tomato paste, ground paprika, ground cumin, and dried thyme. Cook for 2-3 minutes until the spices are fragrant and the tomato paste is well incorporated.
Add the chopped cassava leaves to the pot and stir to combine with the aromatic mixture. Cook for about 5 minutes.
Pour in the chicken or vegetable broth, enough to cover the cassava leaves. Bring to a boil, then reduce heat and simmer for 20-30 minutes, or until the leaves are tender and the flavors have melded together.
Stir in the ground peanuts (or peanut butter) and cooked meat (if using). Continue to simmer for an additional 10-15 minutes, allowing the flavors to develop and the sauce to thicken. Season with salt and black pepper to taste.
Enjoy your meal!