Remove the stems and seeds from the dried red chili peppers.
Place the chilies in a bowl and cover them with hot water. Let them soak for about 30 minutes to soften.
Drain the soaked chilies and transfer them to a blender or food processor.
Add the minced garlic, olive oil, ground cumin, ground coriander, caraway seeds (if using), smoked paprika (if using), tomato paste, salt, and black pepper.
Blend until smooth, adding a little water if needed to achieve the desired consistency.
Taste the harissa and adjust the seasoning if needed. You can add lemon juice for extra tanginess if desired.
Transfer the harissa to a clean jar or airtight container. Drizzle a thin layer of olive oil on top to preserve the paste.
Use the harissa as a spicy condiment for meats, vegetables, or as a flavor enhancer in various dishes.
Enjoy your meal!