If using dried fish or meat, soak it in water to rehydrate. Shred into small pieces.
In a large pot, heat the vegetable oil or palm oil over medium heat. Add the chopped onion and cook until translucent.
Stir in the minced garlic and hot peppers. Cook for 2-3 minutes until fragrant.
Add the shredded fish or meat to the pot and cook for 5 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Stir in the ground peanuts or peanut butter. Mix well.
Stir in the ground black pepper, paprika, dried thyme, and salt.
Pour in the water or beef/chicken stock and add bouillon cubes if using. Stir well.
Bring the mixture to a boil, then reduce the heat to low and simmer for 20-30 minutes, or until the flavors are well combined and the stew thickens.
If using, add the chopped okra or yams and cook for an additional 15-20 minutes, or until the vegetables are tender.
Garnish with fresh parsley or cilantro before serving.
Enjoy your meal!