If using fresh palm nuts, boil them in a pot of water until the skins loosen and the nuts become tender (about 30-45 minutes). Let them cool, then peel off the skins and mash the nuts. If using palm nut concentrate or paste, skip this step.
In a large pot, heat the vegetable oil or palm oil over medium heat. Add the chopped onion and sauté until translucent.
Stir in the minced garlic and hot peppers (if using). Cook for 2-3 minutes until fragrant.
Add the mashed palm nuts or palm nut concentrate to the pot. Stir well to combine with the onions and garlic.
Pour in the water and beef, chicken, or fish stock if using. Stir to combine.
Add ground paprika, black pepper, thyme, and salt. Stir well.
Bring the mixture to a boil, then reduce the heat to low. Simmer for 30-45 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the palm butter thickens and the flavors meld together.
If using, stir in the chopped cooked meat and cook for an additional 10 minutes to heat through.
Enjoy your meal!