In a large pot, heat the vegetable oil over medium heat.
Add the chopped onion and cook until softened and translucent, about 5 minutes.
Stir in the minced garlic and chopped hot peppers, cooking for another 1-2 minutes.
Add the beef or chicken pieces to the pot. Cook until browned on all sides.
Stir in the tomato paste or chopped tomatoes.
Add the ground paprika, ground cumin, ground coriander, dried thyme, salt, black pepper, and ground crayfish (if using). Cook for 2 minutes to allow the spices to release their flavors.
Pour in the water or beef/chicken broth and stir to combine. Bring to a boil.
Reduce the heat to low, cover the pot, and simmer for about 30 minutes.
Add the chopped spinach or other leafy greens. Stir well and cook for an additional 10-15 minutes, or until the meat is tender and the greens are cooked.
Enjoy your meal!