In a large mixing bowl, combine the farmer's cheese or drained cottage cheese, eggs, granulated sugar, and vanilla extract. Mix well until smooth.
Stir in the flour, salt, and baking powder (if using). Mix until a soft dough forms. If the dough is too sticky, add a little more flour.
Lightly flour your hands and a clean surface. Divide the dough into small portions and shape each portion into a patty, about 1/2 inch thick and 2-3 inches in diameter. Dust each patty lightly with flour.
In a large skillet, heat vegetable oil or butter over medium heat.
Fry the syrniki in batches, about 3-4 minutes on each side, or until they are golden brown and cooked through. Be careful not to overcrowd the skillet.
Transfer the fried syrniki to a paper towel-lined plate to drain any excess oil.
Enjoy your meal!